Flying-machine.



H. A. PARISAWD, FLYING mama:

APPLICATION .IILBD' MAY 11, 1910.

Patented M1221, 1911 4 BEBETHHEBE- 1 wi N wi'lineooeo M. A. PARISANO.

FLYING MACHINE. v 111110111011 111.1111 MAY 11, 1910.

987,596., Patented Mar. 21} 1911.

M. A. PA'RIISANIO.

E m H M M G W P.

' APPLICATION PI LED MAY 11, 1910. 987,596.

Patented Mar. 21,1911.

50 der as curved arch-shaped rudders pivoted State of New. York,

MICHAEL ANGELO IPARISANO, OF NEW YORK, N. Y.

FLYING-MACHINE.

Specification of Letters fatent.

Patented Mar. 21., 19M.

Application filed May 11, 1910. Serial No. seorwj To all whom it mayconcern:

Be it known that'I, MICHAEL A. PABISANO, a citizen of the United States,residing at New York, in the county of New York and have inventedcertain new and useful Improvements in Flying- Machines; and I do herebydeclare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of theinvention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which itappertains to make and use the same.

My invention relates toimprovements in flying machines and it consistsin certain novel features which will be hereinafter described andclaimed.

The invention will be understood by reference to the accompanyingdrawings .in which the same parts are indicated by the same letters andnumeralsthroughoutthe several views.

Figure 1, shows a side elevation of the completed machineyFig. 2, is aplan view,

parts being broken away and parts being omitted, for the sake ofclearness in the drawings; Fig. 3, is a front elevation; Fig. 4, is adiagram showing the operation of the automatic balancing weight andsail; Fig. 5, is a diagram showing the operation of'the rising anddivingapparatus; Fig. 6,

is a diagram'showing the operation of the apparatus for steeringlaterally; and, Figs.

7 and 8, are details showing the construction of a form of propellersuitable for use with my invention.

-A represents the framework of the machine, which is preferably made oftubing .of high grade steel, suchas for instance, vanadium steel. Inthis framework the cylinder B is carried in which the propellers aremounted. At the front end of this framework is a cross rudder B pivotedas at b and at the rear end is a similar rudder B pivoted as at b Therudders B and B when in the normalposition preferably follow the contourof the cylinder along the upper portion but are cut away in a curve oneach side to form a curved arch-shaped structure, as shown in Figs' 1,2, 3 and 5. For convenience in drawing the claims, I shall term thispeculiar'construction of rudto the framework. 7 v

C represents a fixed sail carried by the framework and D and D are-therudders for steering in the horizontal plane.

E is the tail, which co-acts with the rud- ,.and to the shaft F.

ders B and B to steer the machine in the vertical plane. I

' F and F are concentric shafts carr ing hand wheels and ff located infront 0 the seat Q'for the aviator. I nected to the rudders B and B andthe tail E by suitable wires f cross piece or tiller f wires p, crosspiece or tiller f and wires f. Suitable guide pulleys f are placed wherenecessary. The lateral steering rudders 'D and D are mounted on theshaft d bent as at (Z to clear the propeller shaft, and these ruddersare provided with a cross piece or tiller i connected to the wires 7"Thus the vertical steering rudders and the horizontalsteering ruddersmay be both operated bythe aviator through the .instrumentality offlthehand wheels f and f. The wings H are curved, as shown in Fig. 1 and areheld at the predetermined angle by means of suitable braces such as hand stays h. The position and curvature of the wings will be determinedby experiment but they are intended to be set on the machine and noparts thereof to be movable.

The machine is driven by two propellers mounted in the cylinder B. vIhave shown a propeller M of the ordinary form mount- The' shaft F iscon-' ed on the shaft I in the front end of the cylinder, and apropeller M of a form to be hereinafter described mounted on'the shaft Iin the rear end of the cylinder. These two shafts I and I being drivenfrom the engine K by the pulleys K and K fast on the shaft K the pulleysi and i" on the shafts I and I respectively, and the belts L and L.

In order to protect the machine from tilting laterally, I provide anautomatic balancing attachment which comprises a weight 0, preferablypointed as at 0 at each end to offer the least resistance to the aircurrents, which weight is. carried by the bar-O provided with the yoke 0into which the propeller shaft I passes, so that the arm 0 and theweight 0 may be free to swing laterally through a given angle about thepropeller shaft. This vbar O is rigidly attached to the bar P pivoted asat p in the frame as shown in Figs. 1 and l. Secured to this bar P is arigid canvas screen 'P connected at its forward edge by accordion plaitsof canvas or other flexible material to the vertical rib a of the frameA of the sail C.

just in the rear It will be noted that if either wing is caused to tipup as by the action of irregular air currents, the weight 0 will tend tomaintain its vertical position; then upon attaining the relativeposition to the rest of the machine indicated by one set of dotted linesin Fig. 3, its action will cause the balancing sail P to swing out inthe direction of the lifted wing, and the accordion plaits will act likea jib held out to windward and the airship going ahead at great speedwill cause the air to press against this jib-like surface, tending tocounteract the tilting up of the wing by pressing the top of the airshipover in the direction tending to depress said lifted wing. In thisaction of the balance sail P the fixed sail C serves to di rect the airto the front edge of the balance sail P. In this way the weight andbalance sail tend to maintain the vertical axis of the airship in avertical plane or to prevent one wing from tipping up and the otherdown.

In order to provide for lighting or for starting the machine, brackets Rare provided in which are mounted forks S carrying wheel S which wheelsare normally pressed downwardly below the shoes T by means of thesprings 8. These springs are strong enough to support the weight of themachine, but yield when the machine descends with considerable force, asin lighting, allowing the shoes T to take the weight of the machine.These shoes are connected by suitable braces T to the framework A andthe front shoe is preferably curved up as at t to prevent catching inthe turf, bushes, or the like. Any suitable seat Q is provided for theaviator.

The operation of the device is as follows :The machine being on theground, or attached to anv suitable starting device,

the engine is started driving the propellers,

and the rudder B is elevated and the rudder B and tail Earesimultaneously depressed. This will cause the machine to rise fromthe ground when it may be steered laterally by the rudders D and D.Should either wing tilt up, the same will be brought back to an wheels Seven keel by the'automatic balance, as previously described. To causethe machine to descend, the rudders B and B and the tall E are moved inthe reverse direction to that already described, lighting on the and inlighting with great force, these wheels will yield and the weight willthen be taken up on the shoes T. In the cylinder B one or two propellersmay be used, but preferably two, one at each end of said cylinder. Thesepropellers may be of ordinary form, as indicated at M, or may be of theform illustrated at N and shown in detail in Figs. 7 and 8. This formwill now be described. 1 represents a ring secured by spokes 2 to theshaft I. This ring is further braced with stays 3 connected to similarrings 4: fast on the shaft I. This ring 1 carries a series ofcylindrical tubes cut away irre ularly at each end, as shown in Figs. 7and 8, and set at an angle with the plane of the ring 1, as shown mostclearly in Fig. 8. These tubes 5 are bent at each end and carry vanes 6which are provided with wings 6 and 6 of double curvature, as shown. Asthe shaft I revolves the air passing through these tubes 5 against thewings 6 and 6 reacts on said tubes and wings and tends to press the shipin the forward direction relative to the machine. This form of pro elleris believed to be efficient in use and little likely to accidentalinjury. By having the propellers mounted in the cylinder B the propellerblades push the air directly rearward and do not throw it off radially,thus giving an increased tractive effect and furthermore, propellers somounted are protected by the cylinder and are not likely to be injuredby contact with any of the apparatus, such as stay Wires or the like,should same be broken. 1

It will be noted that the herein described open ended cylinder and itsinclosed propeller or propellers, as also its front and rear curvedrudders may be used for driving a dirigible balloon as well as a flyingmachine, and I desire to claim such use.

It willbe obvious that various modifications might be made in the hereindescribed apparatus which could be used without departing from thespirit of my invention.

I claim as my invention:

1. A flying machine, comprising a framework, a cylinder carried thereby,curved-rudders pivoted at the front and rear of said cylinder and a tailpivoted in rear thereof,v

means forsimultaneously moving said front curved rudder in. onedirection and for moving the rear curved rudder and tail in the oppositedirection, means for steerlng said machine laterally, one or morepropellers journaled in said cylinder with means for driving same, wingsprojecting laterally from said framework, an 'automatic'balancecomprising a pivoted sail with an extensible front connecting saidframework and said sail and permitting the oscillation of said sail insaid framework, and a weight tending to hold said pivoted sail in thevertical position, substantially as described.

2. A flying machine, comprising a framework, a cylinder carried thereby,curved rudders pivoted at the front and rear of said cylinder and a tailpivoted in rear thereof, means for simultaneously moving said frontcurved rudder in one direction and for moving the rear curved rudder andtail in the opposite direction, means for steering said machinelaterally, one or more propellers journaled in said cylinder with meansfor driving same, Wings projecting said sail in the vertical position, vtially as described.

.rudders pivoted at the 'with an accordion plait of textile fabric,

connecting its front edge with said framework, and a weight tending tonormally hold comprising a frame- 3. A flying machine,

work, a cylinder carried thereby, curved rudders pivoted at the frontand rear of said cylinder, said rudders being curved upwardly andoutwardly, and being archshaped on'top, and a tail provided in rearthereof, means for simultaneously moving said front curved rudder in onedirection and for moving the rear curved rudder and tail in the oppositedirection, means for steering said machine laterally, one or morepropellers journaled in said cylinder with means for driving same, andwings projecting laterally fr m said framework, substantially asdescribed.

i. A flying machine comprising a framework, a cylinder carried thereby,curved rudders pivoted at the front and rear of said cylinder, saidrudders being curved upwardly and outwardly, and being arch shaped ontop, substantially as described, and a tail pivoted in rear thereof,means for simultaneously moving said front curved rudder in onedirection and for moving the rear curved rudder and tail in the oppositedirection, means for steering said machine laterally, one or morepropellers 'journaled in said cylinder with means for driving same,wings secured to and projecting laterally from said framework, and meansfor automatically compensating for the tipping of the wings in thevertical plane, tially as described.

5. A flying machine, comprising a frame work, a cylinder carriedthereby, curved rudders pivoted at the front and rear of said cylinder,means for simultaneously moving said front curved rudder in onedirection and for moving the rear curved rudder in the oppositedirection, means for steering said machine laterally, one or morepropellers journaled in said cylinder with means for driving the same,wings projecting laterally from said framework,-an automatic balancecomprising a pivoted sail with an extensible front connecting saidframework and said sail and permitting the oscillation of said sail insaid framework, and a weighted arm tending to hold said pivoted sail inthe vertical position, substantially as described.

6. A flying machine comprising a framework, a cylinder carried thereby,curved front and rear of said cylinder, means for simultaneously movingsaid front curved rudder in one directionand for moving the rear curvedrudder in the opposite direction, means for steering said machinelaterally, one or more propelsubstane I substantially as described,

substan lers journaled in said cylinder with means for driving same,wings projecting laterally from said frame work, an automatic balancecomprising a pivoted sail provided with an accordion plait of textilefabric, connecting its front edge with said framework, and a weightedarm tending to normally hold said sail in the vertical position,substantially as described.

' 7. In a flying machine the combination with a frame provided withlaterally ex-- tending wings, of an automatic balance for preventingsaid machine from dipping, comprising a pivoted frame carried by saidframework, a weighted arm tending to hold said frame in a verticalposition, canvas stretched .over said pivoted frame and forming apivotedsail, with a plaited canvas. connection between said pivoted sailand said framework, substantially as described. 8. In a flying machinethe combination with a frame provided with laterally extending wings, ofa vertical sail secured to said frame above andbetween said wings, andan automatic balance for preventing said machine from dipping,comprising a pivoted frame carried by said framework, a

tially as described.

9. In a flying machine the combination with a frame provided withlaterally extending wings, of a vertical sail secured to said frameabove and between said wings, and an automatic balance for preventingsaid machine from dipping, comprising a pivoted frame carried by saidframewor a weighted arm tending to hold said frame in a verticalposition, canvas stretched over said pivoted frame and forming a pivotedsail with an accordion plaited canvas-strip connecting said pivoted sailwith said framework, substantially as described.

10. it flying machine, comprisinga framework, a: cylinder carriedthereby, means for steering said machine laterally, and in the verticalplane, one or more propellers journaled in said cylinder, with means fordriving same, carried by said frame, wings projecting laterally fromsaid framework, an automatic balance comprising a pivoted sail providedwith an accordion plait of textile fabric, connecting its front edgewith said framework, and a weighted arm tending to normally hold saidsail in the vertical position, substantially as described.

11. A flying machine, comprising a framework, ,a cylinder carriedthereby, curved rudders pivoted at the front and rear of said cylinder,said rudders being curved upwardly and outwa ally as described,

and a tail pivoted in rear thereof, means for simultaneously movingsaid. front curved air, a propelling means rudder in one direction andfor moving the rear curved rudder and tail in the opposite direction,pivoted rudders for steering said machine laterally, a propellerjournaled in said cylinder, with means for driving same, carried by saidframe, and wings projecting laterally from said framework, substantiallyders being curved upwardly and outwardly, and being arch-shaped on top,substantially as described, means for simultaneously movmg said ruddersin reverse directions about their pivots, one or more propellers mountedin sai cylinder, and means for driving said propellers, substantially asdescribed.

In testimony whereof, I aflix my signature, in presence of twowitnesses.

MICHAEL ANGELO PARI SAN 0.

Witnesses:

JOSEPH L. HUNT, HENRY NATEMEYER.

